The University of Southampton

PHYS6005 Cosmology and the Early Universe

Module Overview

Modern cosmology is a fascinating and fast-developing field, with intense research activity fuelled by major discoveries made in the last decade. These have overturned our understanding of the Universe’s properties and established a new standard cosmological model that, however, poses challenging puzzles for fundamental physics, such as the nature of Dark Matter, the current acceleration of the Universe’s expansion and the occurrence of an inflationary stage in the first moments of the Universe. The course will draw upon a diverse range of core physics material as well as introducing new physics; it will not require specialist astronomical knowledge.

Aims & Objectives

Aims

After studying this course students should be able to:

•  identify the key steps that lead to the recognition of the expanding Universe.

•  relate the Cosmological principle to Hubble's Law.

•  understand the physical implications of the cosmological expansion. 

•  understand and use the Friedmann equations and Fluid equation.

•  describe the physics of, and observational evidence for, the Big Bang model.

•  explain why Einstein introduced the Cosmological constant and describe

           the current evidence for a non-zero value for this constant.

•  discuss the physics responsible for the observed cosmic microwave background radiation.

•  understand the physics of the early universe and of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

•  understand the motivations and the observational evidence for Inflation.

•  explain the main properties of the so called “ΛCDM” model

•  critically evaluate technical papers on cosmology

Syllabus

           PART 1: COSMOLOGY

•  Brief History of Cosmology

•  Observational overview

•  A Newtonian Cosmology?

•  Elements of General Relativity (non examinable in the final examination paper)

•  The geometry of the Universe

•  Simple cosmological models

•  The cosmological constant

•  The age of the universe

•  Observational parameters

           PART 2: THE EARLY UNIVERSE

•  The density of the universe and dark matter

•  The cosmic microwave background

•  The early Universe

•  Nucleosynthesis

•  The inflationary universe

•  The ΛCDM model

Learning & Teaching

Learning & teaching methods

ActivityDescriptionHours
LectureFrequency: 3/week36

Assessment

Assessment methods

There will be 11 problem sheets handed out on weekly basis. Although these do not count towards the final mark, they should provide useful feedback to students since detailed model answers will be posted the subsequent week.  Some of the problems will be discussed in class. 

In addition, in weeks 6 and 10, two review problem sheets will be posted and marked. Each will contribute 5% to the final module mark (10% in total) and they will cover Part I (Cosmology) and Part II (the Early Universe) respectively. 

 

MethodHoursPercentage contribution
Review problem sheets (2)-10%
Exam2 hours90%

Referral Method: By examination

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